Scientists working in a bright modern pharmaceutical research laboratory with microscopy and cell culture equipment

Built Upon Decades of Pharmaceutical Science

Islet Sciences' technologies are supported by decades of peer-reviewed research in oral drug delivery, controlled-release formulations, metabolic therapeutics, GLP-1 biology, SGLT2 therapies, combination drug delivery, and pharmaceutical formulation science. Our intellectual property is designed to translate this scientific foundation into next-generation therapeutic solutions.

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Scientific Pillars

The published research that underwrites our platform

Our IP does not stand alone. It builds directly on four mature fields of pharmaceutical science — each with thousands of peer-reviewed publications, regulatory precedents, and approved products.

Controlled & Modified Release

Decades of formulation science define the principles of immediate, delayed, and pulsatile drug release from oral dosage forms.

GLP-1 & SGLT2 Pharmacology

Two of the most extensively validated mechanisms in modern metabolic medicine — with growing translational evidence in hepatology.

Combination Therapeutics

Fixed-dose combinations improve adherence, simplify regimens, and unlock differentiated clinical and commercial value.

Bioavailability & Dissolution Science

Modern pharmaceutics provides the analytical and regulatory framework for engineering precise PK behavior from a single capsule.

Landmark Publications

Interactive research library

Search by author, keyword, or title — or filter by therapeutic and formulation area to explore the science behind the platform.

Controlled Drug Delivery

1 paper
Molecules (PMC)·2021

Controlled Drug Delivery Systems: Current Status and Future Directions

Adepu S, Ramakrishna S — National University of Singapore

Key Discovery
One of the most comprehensive modern reviews of controlled drug delivery technologies, covering sustained-release, delayed-release, targeted delivery, and future formulation strategies.
Clinical Significance
Establishes the modern landscape of controlled-release technologies that the Islet Sciences biphasic platform extends into combination products.
Controlled ReleaseOral TherapeuticsReview Articles
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Modified-Release Formulations

3 papers
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics·2009

Oral Osmotically Driven Systems: 30 Years of Development and Clinical Use

Malaterre V, Ogorka J, Loggia N, Gurny R — University of Geneva

Key Discovery
Landmark review covering three decades of oral controlled-release drug delivery and pharmaceutical formulation technologies.
Clinical Significance
Documents the validated engineering principles underlying modern oral controlled-release products.
Controlled ReleaseOral TherapeuticsReview Articles
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Clinical Pharmacokinetics·2006

Clinical Spectrum of the Osmotic-Controlled Release Oral Delivery System (OROS)

Conley R, Gupta SK, Sathyan G — ALZA Corporation / Johnson & Johnson

Key Discovery
Foundational review describing the clinical advantages of controlled oral drug delivery systems including OROS technology.
Clinical Significance
Demonstrates the clinical and PK benefits achievable through precisely engineered oral release profiles.
Controlled ReleasePharmacokineticsReview Articles
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Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy·2005

Oral Controlled Release Matrix Tablets

Tiwari SB, Rajabi-Siahboomi AR — Colorcon Inc.

Key Discovery
Classic review discussing modified-release pharmaceutical formulation principles for oral matrix systems.
Clinical Significance
Provides the matrix-formulation science that underpins biphasic immediate-release and delayed-release dosage forms.
Controlled ReleaseOral TherapeuticsReview Articles
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GLP-1 Therapeutics

6 papers
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (PMC)·2019

Battle of GLP-1 Delivery Technologies

Knudsen LB, Lau J — Novo Nordisk Research & Development

Key Discovery
This comprehensive review examines the evolution of GLP-1 delivery technologies, including injectable, oral, implantable, and extended-release formulations. It highlights the ongoing need for innovative delivery systems capable of improving patient adherence, therapeutic efficacy, and long-term outcomes.
Clinical Significance
The Islet Sciences biphasic drug delivery platform is designed around many of the same pharmaceutical principles discussed throughout this review, demonstrating the growing importance of advanced oral delivery technologies in metabolic medicine.
GLP-1Biphasic DeliveryDrug DeliveryOral TherapeuticsControlled Release
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Pharmaceutics (PMC)·2024

Designing GLP-1 Delivery: Structural Perspectives and Therapeutic Opportunities

Multiple Investigators — Multi-institutional Review

Key Discovery
Recent review covering formulation, delivery strategies, and next-generation GLP-1 development.
Clinical Significance
Frames the formulation challenges and opportunities that advanced oral delivery platforms can address.
GLP-1Oral TherapeuticsReview Articles
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Frontiers in Endocrinology (PMC)·2024

The Clinical Application of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and GLP-1 / GIP Dual Agonists

Multiple Investigators — Multi-institutional Review

Key Discovery
Modern review of GLP-1 pharmacology, therapeutic mechanisms, and future applications including dual agonist therapy.
Clinical Significance
Supports the strategic case for combining GLP-1 mechanisms with complementary metabolic agents in single products.
GLP-1Metabolic DiseaseClinical TrialsReview Articles
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Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism (PMC)·2015

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists: A Review of Head-to-Head Clinical Studies

Madsbad S — Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen

Key Discovery
Clinical comparison of GLP-1 therapies and formulation performance across head-to-head trials.
Clinical Significance
Quantifies the clinical differentiation achievable through improved GLP-1 pharmacokinetics and formulation.
GLP-1Clinical TrialsReview Articles
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New England Journal of Medicine·2019

Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (PIONEER 6)

Husain M, Birkenfeld AL, Donsmark M et al. — PIONEER 6 Investigators

Key Discovery
Landmark NEJM publication validating oral GLP-1 therapy with cardiovascular safety in type 2 diabetes.
Clinical Significance
Proves the commercial and clinical viability of advanced oral delivery for peptide metabolic therapeutics.
GLP-1Oral TherapeuticsClinical TrialsMetabolic Disease
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Endocrine Reviews·2025

Innovative Molecules and Delivery Technologies Enabling the Future of GLP-1–Based Therapies

Xu Y, Drucker DJ, Traverso G, Beloqui A — Endocrine Society / Multi-institutional

Key Discovery
Published in Endocrine Reviews, this article explores the next generation of GLP-1 medicines, including oral formulations, novel delivery systems, implantable technologies, and future pharmaceutical innovations designed to improve efficacy and patient experience.
Clinical Significance
As metabolic therapeutics continue to evolve, advanced drug delivery platforms capable of optimizing oral administration and therapeutic exposure will become increasingly valuable across the pharmaceutical industry.
GLP-1Biphasic DeliveryPrecision TherapeuticsOral FormulationsPharmaceutical Innovation
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SGLT2 Therapies

4 papers
StatPearls / NCBI Bookshelf·2024

Sodium-Glucose Transport 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors

Padda IS, Mahtani AU, Parmar M — StatPearls Publishing

Key Discovery
Comprehensive overview covering mechanism of action, clinical indications, pharmacology, and future directions of SGLT2 inhibitors.
Clinical Significance
Foundational reference supporting SGLT2 repositioning into hepatobiliary indications.
SGLT2Metabolic DiseaseReview Articles
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New England Journal of Medicine·2015

Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes (EMPA-REG OUTCOME)

Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM et al. — EMPA-REG OUTCOME Investigators

Key Discovery
One of the most influential cardiovascular outcome studies ever published in diabetes — established cardiovascular benefit of SGLT2 inhibition.
Clinical Significance
Validated SGLT2 as a foundational therapeutic class with effects beyond glycemic control.
SGLT2Clinical TrialsMetabolic Disease
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New England Journal of Medicine·2019

Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction (DAPA-HF)

McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE et al. — DAPA-HF Investigators

Key Discovery
Landmark trial demonstrating cardiovascular benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors beyond diabetes in heart failure patients.
Clinical Significance
Expanded SGLT2 therapeutic scope beyond metabolic indications — supporting franchise extension strategy.
SGLT2Clinical Trials
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New England Journal of Medicine·2020

Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD)

Heerspink HJL, Stefánsson BV, Correa-Rotter R et al. — DAPA-CKD Investigators

Key Discovery
Pivotal study establishing renal protection from SGLT2 inhibition in chronic kidney disease.
Clinical Significance
Cements SGLT2 as a multi-organ therapeutic platform suitable for cross-indication repositioning.
SGLT2Clinical Trials
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Combination Therapy

4 papers
The Lancet·2014

Combination Therapy with GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Basal Insulin

Eng C, Kramer CK, Zinman B, Retnakaran R — Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, University of Toronto

Key Discovery
Systematic review and meta-analysis supporting combination pharmacology of GLP-1 agonists with basal insulin.
Clinical Significance
Establishes the clinical case for fixed-combination metabolic products that biphasic delivery makes practical in a single capsule.
Combination TherapyGLP-1Clinical TrialsMetabolic Disease
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Cardiovascular Diabetology / Diabetes Care·2022

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

Marx N, Husain M, Lehrke M et al. — Multi-institutional Consortium

Key Discovery
Major review describing the expanded clinical utility of GLP-1 therapeutics in cardiovascular risk reduction.
Clinical Significance
Strengthens the case for combination metabolic-cardiovascular products built on the GLP-1 mechanism.
GLP-1Combination TherapyClinical TrialsMetabolic Disease
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Diabetes & Metabolism Journal·2025

SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Diabetic Kidney Disease

Multiple Investigators — Multi-institutional Review

Key Discovery
Excellent review on the complementary therapeutic mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in diabetic kidney disease.
Clinical Significance
Directly supports the strategic rationale for SGLT2 + GLP-1 combination products in a single biphasic dosage form.
SGLT2GLP-1Combination TherapyReview Articles
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Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics·2025

Combination Therapy of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Glycaemic Management Through Weight Reduction

Kumar V, Amulya VB, Sharma M, Saikrupa BV — Institution of Pharmaceutical Science, PES University, Bangalore

Key Discovery
This review highlights the rapidly growing role of GLP-1 and SGLT2 combination therapy for improving glycemic control, weight reduction, and cardiometabolic outcomes. The complementary mechanisms of these therapies continue to shape the future of metabolic medicine.
Clinical Significance
Combination therapeutics represent an important future opportunity for innovative oral drug delivery platforms capable of optimizing sequential drug release, pharmacokinetics, and overall therapeutic performance.
SGLT2Biphasic DeliveryGLP-1Combination TherapyMetabolic Disease
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Pharmaceutical Sciences

4 papers
Clinical Pharmacokinetics·2006

Pharmacokinetic Considerations in Modified-Release Dosage Forms

Conley R, Gupta SK, Sathyan G — ALZA Corporation / Johnson & Johnson

Key Discovery
Foundational review on designing drug release profiles for modified-release oral dosage forms.
Clinical Significance
Establishes the PK design framework underlying immediate-release plus delayed-release architectures.
PharmacokineticsControlled ReleaseReview Articles
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European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics·2009

Extended-Release Oral Drug Delivery Technologies

Malaterre V, Ogorka J, Loggia N, Gurny R — University of Geneva

Key Discovery
Review of modern pharmaceutical formulation strategies for extended-release oral delivery.
Clinical Significance
Documents the proven engineering toolkit available to biphasic and combination platforms.
Controlled ReleasePharmacokineticsReview Articles
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Nature Reviews Drug Discovery·2017

Oral Peptide Therapeutics: Emerging Technologies and Pharmaceutical Innovation

Drucker DJ — Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, University of Toronto

Key Discovery
Review of emerging oral peptide technologies and pharmaceutical innovation across the metabolic therapeutic landscape.
Clinical Significance
Positions advanced oral delivery as the frontier of next-generation metabolic medicine.
Oral TherapeuticsGLP-1Review Articles
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Nature Reviews Drug Discovery·2021

Controlled Oral Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals

Brown TD, Whitehead KA, Mitragotri S — Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering

Key Discovery
Comprehensive review of next-generation oral delivery systems for biopharmaceuticals.
Clinical Significance
Validates the long-term trajectory of advanced oral controlled-release as a strategic pharmaceutical platform.
Oral TherapeuticsControlled ReleaseReview Articles
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Oral Drug Delivery

2 papers
Molecules (PMC)·2021

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Challenges and Future Perspectives

Adepu S, Ramakrishna S — National University of Singapore

Key Discovery
Review discussing oral peptide delivery, formulation barriers, and innovation in oral therapeutics.
Clinical Significance
Frames the barriers that advanced oral delivery platforms — including biphasic systems — are designed to overcome.
Oral TherapeuticsControlled ReleaseReview Articles
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Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (PMC)·2019

Drug Delivery Technologies for Peptide Therapeutics

Knudsen LB, Lau J — Novo Nordisk Research & Development

Key Discovery
Excellent review on overcoming gastrointestinal degradation and improving bioavailability of peptide therapeutics.
Clinical Significance
Supports translation of advanced delivery science into commercially viable oral peptide products.
GLP-1Oral TherapeuticsReview Articles
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From foundational science to a licensable platform

Islet Sciences' intellectual property converts decades of validated pharmaceutical research into a defensible, partner-ready platform. Explore how the science maps to the patent estate, and how it can be licensed across therapeutic areas.

Platform Science Patent PortfolioDiscuss partnership